Any time, any place, any pace: An introduction to the flexibility of K-12 virtual learning

Citation

Cuccolo, K. & DeBruler, K. (2026). Any time, any place, any pace: An introduction to the flexibility of K-12 virtual learning. Michigan Virtual. https://michiganvirtual.org/research/publications/any-time-any-place-any-pace-an-introduction-to-the-flexibility-of-k-12-virtual-learning

Abstract

Virtual learning is often lauded for increasing access to education through facilitating learning “any time, any place, any pace.” However, this level of flexibility may create distinctive challenges for

students. This integrated literature review provides an overview of current knowledge on flexibility (time, place, and pace) in virtual learning, with a particular focus on how students use this flexibility, the challenges they may encounter, and the relationships among these elements and key course metrics. The heightened autonomy and flexibility of virtual learning increase demands on students’ self-regulated learning skills, making it necessary for teachers and mentors to support their development. These skills should also be contextualized within student engagement, which is likely to vary throughout the course. Additionally, because students may have preferences for when, where, and the pace at which they learn, teachers need to be flexible regarding the engagement, re-engagement, and communication strategies they use. By understanding the current state of research and highlighting gaps, we aim to inform efforts that better support students who choose virtual learning.

Authors

• Cuccolo, Kelly
• DeBruler, Kristen

Reference Type

Report

Keywords

• K-12 online learning
• Student pacing